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Total
49350 CVE
| CVE | Vendors | Products | Updated | CVSS v2 | CVSS v3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2017-11152 | 1 Synology | 1 Photo Station | 2019-10-09 | 5.0 MEDIUM | 7.5 HIGH |
| Directory traversal vulnerability in PixlrEditorHandler.php in Synology Photo Station before 6.7.3-3432 and 6.3-2967 allows remote attackers to write arbitrary files via the path parameter. | |||||
| CVE-2017-10958 | 1 Foxitsoftware | 1 Foxit Reader | 2019-10-09 | 6.8 MEDIUM | 8.8 HIGH |
| This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 8.3.1.21155. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the value attribute of Field objects. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code under the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-4980. | |||||
| CVE-2017-10957 | 1 Foxitsoftware | 1 Foxit Reader | 2019-10-09 | 6.8 MEDIUM | 8.8 HIGH |
| This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 8.3.1.21155. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the arrowEnd attribute of Annotation objects. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code under the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-4979. | |||||
| CVE-2017-0901 | 4 Canonical, Debian, Redhat and 1 more | 9 Ubuntu Linux, Debian Linux, Enterprise Linux Desktop and 6 more | 2019-10-09 | 6.4 MEDIUM | 7.5 HIGH |
| RubyGems version 2.6.12 and earlier fails to validate specification names, allowing a maliciously crafted gem to potentially overwrite any file on the filesystem. | |||||
| CVE-2017-0897 | 1 Expressionengine | 1 Expressionengine | 2019-10-09 | 5.0 MEDIUM | 7.5 HIGH |
| ExpressionEngine version 2.x < 2.11.8 and version 3.x < 3.5.5 create an object signing token with weak entropy. Successfully guessing the token can lead to remote code execution. | |||||
| CVE-2017-0933 | 1 Ubnt | 1 Edgeos | 2019-10-09 | 8.5 HIGH | 8.0 HIGH |
| Ubiquiti Networks EdgeOS version 1.9.1 and prior suffer from a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability. An attacker with access to an operator (read-only) account could lure an admin (root) user to access the attacker-controlled page, allowing the attacker to gain admin privileges in the system. | |||||
| CVE-2017-0934 | 1 Ubnt | 1 Edgeos | 2019-10-09 | 9.0 HIGH | 8.8 HIGH |
| Ubiquiti Networks EdgeOS version 1.9.1 and prior suffer from an Improper Privilege Management vulnerability due to the lack of protection of the file system leading to sensitive information being exposed. An attacker with access to an operator (read-only) account could escalate privileges to admin (root) access in the system. | |||||
| CVE-2017-10955 | 1 Emc | 1 Data Protection Advisor | 2019-10-09 | 9.0 HIGH | 8.8 HIGH |
| ** DISPUTED ** This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of EMC Data Protection Advisor 6.3.0. Authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the EMC DPA Application service, which listens on TCP port 9002 by default. When parsing the preScript parameter, the process does not properly validate a user-supplied string before using it to execute a system call. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code under the context of SYSTEM. Was ZDI-CAN-4697. NOTE: Dell EMC disputes that this is a vulnerability. | |||||
| CVE-2017-10953 | 1 Foxitsoftware | 1 Foxit Reader | 2019-10-09 | 6.8 MEDIUM | 8.8 HIGH |
| This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 8.3.0.14878. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the gotoURL method. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before using it to execute a system call. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code under the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-5030. | |||||
| CVE-2017-10952 | 1 Foxitsoftware | 1 Foxit Reader | 2019-10-09 | 6.8 MEDIUM | 8.8 HIGH |
| This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 8.2.0.2051. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the saveAs JavaScript function. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can lead to writing arbitrary files into attacker controlled locations. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code under the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-4518. | |||||
| CVE-2017-10951 | 1 Foxitsoftware | 1 Foxit Reader | 2019-10-09 | 6.8 MEDIUM | 8.8 HIGH |
| This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 8.3.0.14878. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within app.launchURL method. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before using it to execute a system call. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code under the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-4724. | |||||
| CVE-2017-10950 | 1 Bitdefender | 1 Total Security | 2019-10-09 | 6.9 MEDIUM | 7.0 HIGH |
| This vulnerability allows local attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Bitdefender Total Security 21.0.24.62. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within processing of the 0x8000E038 IOCTL in the bdfwfpf driver. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code in the context of SYSTEM. Was ZDI-CAN-4776. | |||||
| CVE-2017-10948 | 1 Foxitsoftware | 1 Foxit Reader | 2019-10-09 | 6.8 MEDIUM | 8.8 HIGH |
| This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 8.2.1.6871. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the app.execMenuItem function. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code under the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-4723. | |||||
| CVE-2017-10947 | 1 Foxitsoftware | 1 Foxit Reader | 2019-10-09 | 6.8 MEDIUM | 8.8 HIGH |
| This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 8.2.1.6871. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the print function. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code under the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-4722. | |||||
| CVE-2017-10946 | 1 Foxitsoftware | 1 Foxit Reader | 2019-10-09 | 6.8 MEDIUM | 8.8 HIGH |
| This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 8.2.1.6871. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the setItem function. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code under the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-4721. | |||||
| CVE-2017-10945 | 1 Foxitsoftware | 1 Foxit Reader | 2019-10-09 | 6.8 MEDIUM | 8.8 HIGH |
| This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 8.3.0.14878. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the app.alert function. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code under the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-4855. | |||||
| CVE-2017-0918 | 2 Debian, Gitlab | 2 Debian Linux, Gitlab | 2019-10-09 | 6.5 MEDIUM | 8.8 HIGH |
| Gitlab Community Edition version 10.3 is vulnerable to a path traversal issue in the GitLab CI runner component resulting in remote code execution. | |||||
| CVE-2017-0914 | 1 Gitlab | 1 Gitlab | 2019-10-09 | 5.0 MEDIUM | 7.5 HIGH |
| Gitlab Community and Enterprise Editions version 10.1, 10.2, and 10.2.4 are vulnerable to a SQL injection in the MilestoneFinder component resulting in disclosure of all data in a GitLab instance's database. | |||||
| CVE-2017-0910 | 1 Zulip | 1 Zulip Server | 2019-10-09 | 4.0 MEDIUM | 8.8 HIGH |
| In Zulip Server before 1.7.1, on a server with multiple realms, a vulnerability in the invitation system lets an authorized user of one realm on the server create a user account on any other realm. | |||||
| CVE-2017-0932 | 1 Ubnt | 1 Edgeos | 2019-10-09 | 9.0 HIGH | 8.8 HIGH |
| Ubiquiti Networks EdgeOS version 1.9.1.1 and prior suffer from an Improper Privilege Management vulnerability due to the lack of validation on the input of the Feature functionality. An attacker with access to an operator (read-only) account and ssh connection to the devices could escalate privileges to admin (root) access in the system. | |||||
| CVE-2017-0926 | 2 Debian, Gitlab | 2 Debian Linux, Gitlab | 2019-10-09 | 6.5 MEDIUM | 8.8 HIGH |
| Gitlab Community Edition version 10.3 is vulnerable to an improper authorization issue in the Oauth sign-in component resulting in unauthorized user login. | |||||
| CVE-2017-0925 | 2 Debian, Gitlab | 2 Debian Linux, Gitlab | 2019-10-09 | 4.0 MEDIUM | 7.2 HIGH |
| Gitlab Enterprise Edition version 10.1.0 is vulnerable to an insufficiently protected credential issue in the project service integration API endpoint resulting in an information disclosure of plaintext password. | |||||
| CVE-2017-0904 | 1 Private Address Check Project | 1 Private Address Check | 2019-10-09 | 6.8 MEDIUM | 8.1 HIGH |
| The private_address_check ruby gem before 0.4.0 is vulnerable to a bypass due to use of Ruby's Resolv.getaddresses method, which is OS-dependent and should not be relied upon for security measures, such as when used to blacklist private network addresses to prevent server-side request forgery. | |||||
| CVE-2017-10959 | 1 Foxitsoftware | 1 Foxit Reader | 2019-10-09 | 6.8 MEDIUM | 8.8 HIGH |
| This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 8.3.1.21155. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the setAction method of Link objects. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code under the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-4981. | |||||
| CVE-2017-0922 | 1 Gitlab | 1 Gitlab | 2019-10-09 | 5.0 MEDIUM | 7.5 HIGH |
| Gitlab Enterprise Edition version 10.3 is vulnerable to an authorization bypass issue in the GitLab Projects::BoardsController component resulting in an information disclosure on any board object. | |||||
| CVE-2017-0902 | 4 Canonical, Debian, Redhat and 1 more | 9 Ubuntu Linux, Debian Linux, Enterprise Linux Desktop and 6 more | 2019-10-09 | 6.8 MEDIUM | 8.1 HIGH |
| RubyGems version 2.6.12 and earlier is vulnerable to a DNS hijacking vulnerability that allows a MITM attacker to force the RubyGems client to download and install gems from a server that the attacker controls. | |||||
| CVE-2016-8614 | 1 Redhat | 1 Ansible | 2019-10-09 | 5.0 MEDIUM | 7.5 HIGH |
| A flaw was found in Ansible before version 2.2.0. The apt_key module does not properly verify key fingerprints, allowing remote adversary to create an OpenPGP key which matches the short key ID and inject this key instead of the correct key. | |||||
| CVE-2016-8654 | 3 Debian, Jasper Project, Redhat | 7 Debian Linux, Jasper, Enterprise Linux Desktop and 4 more | 2019-10-09 | 6.8 MEDIUM | 7.8 HIGH |
| A heap-buffer overflow vulnerability was found in QMFB code in JPC codec caused by buffer being allocated with too small size. jasper versions before 2.0.0 are affected. | |||||
| CVE-2016-9597 | 5 Canonical, Debian, Hp and 2 more | 6 Ubuntu Linux, Debian Linux, Icewall Federation Agent and 3 more | 2019-10-09 | 5.0 MEDIUM | 7.5 HIGH |
| It was found that Red Hat JBoss Core Services erratum RHSA-2016:2957 for CVE-2016-3705 did not actually include the fix for the issue found in libxml2, making it vulnerable to a Denial of Service attack due to a Stack Overflow. This is a regression CVE for the same issue as CVE-2016-3705. | |||||
| CVE-2016-9487 | 1 W3 | 1 Epubcheck | 2019-10-09 | 6.8 MEDIUM | 7.8 HIGH |
| EpubCheck 4.0.1 does not properly restrict resolving external entities when parsing XML in EPUB files during validation. An attacker who supplies a specially crafted EPUB file may be able to exploit this behavior to read arbitrary files, or have the victim execute arbitrary requests on his behalf, abusing the victim's trust relationship with other entities. | |||||
| CVE-2016-9485 | 1 Forescout | 1 Secureconnector | 2019-10-09 | 7.2 HIGH | 7.8 HIGH |
| On Windows endpoints, the SecureConnector agent must run under the local SYSTEM account or another administrator account in order to enable full functionality of the agent. The typical configuration is for the agent to run as a Windows service under the local SYSTEM account. The SecureConnector agent runs various plugin scripts and executables on the endpoint in order to gather and report information about the host to the CounterACT management appliance. The SecureConnector agent downloads these scripts and executables as needed from the CounterACT management appliance and runs them on the endpoint. The SecureConnector agent fails to set any permissions on downloaded file objects. This allows a malicious user to take ownership of any of these files and make modifications to it, regardless of where the files are saved. These files are then executed under SYSTEM privileges. A malicious unprivileged user can overwrite these executable files with malicious code before the SecureConnector agent executes them, causing the malicious code to be run under the SYSTEM account. | |||||
| CVE-2016-9484 | 1 Jqueryform | 1 Php Formmail Generator | 2019-10-09 | 5.0 MEDIUM | 7.5 HIGH |
| The generated PHP form code does not properly validate user input folder directories, allowing a remote unauthenticated attacker to perform a path traversal and access arbitrary files on the server. The PHP FormMail Generator website does not use version numbers and is updated continuously. Any PHP form code generated by this website prior to 2016-12-06 may be vulnerable. | |||||
| CVE-2016-8656 | 1 Redhat | 1 Jboss Enterprise Application Platform | 2019-10-09 | 4.6 MEDIUM | 7.8 HIGH |
| Jboss jbossas before versions 5.2.0-23, 6.4.13, 7.0.5 is vulnerable to an unsafe file handling in the jboss init script which could result in local privilege escalation. | |||||
| CVE-2016-9486 | 1 Forescout | 1 Secureconnector | 2019-10-09 | 7.2 HIGH | 7.8 HIGH |
| On Windows endpoints, the SecureConnector agent must run under the local SYSTEM account or another administrator account in order to enable full functionality of the agent. The typical configuration is for the agent to run as a Windows service under the local SYSTEM account. The SecureConnector agent runs various plugin scripts and executables on the endpoint in order to gather and report information about the host to the CounterACT management appliance. The SecureConnector agent downloads these scripts and executables as needed from the CounterACT management appliance and runs them on the endpoint. By default, these executable files are downloaded to and run from the %TEMP% directory of the currently logged on user, despite the fact that the SecureConnector agent is running as SYSTEM. Aside from the downloaded scripts, the SecureConnector agent runs a batch file with SYSTEM privileges from the temp directory of the currently logged on user. If the naming convention of this script can be derived, which is made possible by placing it in a directory to which the user has read access, it may be possible overwrite the legitimate batch file with a malicious one before SecureConnector executes it. It is possible to change this directory by setting the the configuration property config.script_run_folder.value in the local.properties configuration file on the CounterACT management appliance, however the batch file which is run does not follow this property. | |||||
| CVE-2016-9037 | 1 Tarantool | 1 Tarantool | 2019-10-09 | 7.8 HIGH | 7.5 HIGH |
| An exploitable out-of-bounds array access vulnerability exists in the xrow_header_decode function of Tarantool 1.7.2.0-g8e92715. A specially crafted packet can cause the function to access an element outside the bounds of a global array that is used to determine the type of the specified key's value. This can lead to an out of bounds read within the context of the server. An attacker who exploits this vulnerability can cause a denial of service vulnerability on the server. | |||||
| CVE-2016-9036 | 1 Tarantool | 1 Msgpuck | 2019-10-09 | 5.0 MEDIUM | 7.5 HIGH |
| An exploitable incorrect return value vulnerability exists in the mp_check function of Tarantool's Msgpuck library 1.0.3. A specially crafted packet can cause the mp_check function to incorrectly return success when trying to check if decoding a map16 packet will read outside the bounds of a buffer, resulting in a denial of service vulnerability. | |||||
| CVE-2016-9154 | 1 Siemens | 12 Desigo Web Module Pxa30-w0, Desigo Web Module Pxa30-w0 Firmware, Desigo Web Module Pxa30-w1 and 9 more | 2019-10-09 | 5.0 MEDIUM | 7.5 HIGH |
| Siemens Desigo PX Web modules PXA40-W0, PXA40-W1, PXA40-W2 for Desigo PX automation controllers PXC00-E.D, PXC50-E.D, PXC100-E.D, PXC200-E.D (All firmware versions < V6.00.046) and Desigo PX Web modules PXA30-W0, PXA30-W1, PXA30-W2 for Desigo PX automation controllers PXC00-U, PXC64-U, PXC128-U (All firmware versions < V6.00.046) use a pseudo random number generator with insufficient entropy to generate certificates for HTTPS, potentially allowing remote attackers to reconstruct the corresponding private key. | |||||
| CVE-2016-8637 | 1 Dracut Project | 1 Dracut | 2019-10-09 | 2.1 LOW | 7.8 HIGH |
| A local information disclosure issue was found in dracut before 045 when generating initramfs images with world-readable permissions when 'early cpio' is used, such as when including microcode updates. Local attacker can use this to obtain sensitive information from these files, such as encryption keys or credentials. | |||||
| CVE-2016-8641 | 1 Nagios | 1 Nagios | 2019-10-09 | 7.2 HIGH | 7.8 HIGH |
| A privilege escalation vulnerability was found in nagios 4.2.x that occurs in daemon-init.in when creating necessary files and insecurely changing the ownership afterwards. It's possible for the local attacker to create symbolic links before the files are to be created and possibly escalating the privileges with the ownership change. | |||||
| CVE-2016-8648 | 1 Redhat | 2 Jboss A-mq, Jboss Fuse | 2019-10-09 | 6.5 MEDIUM | 7.2 HIGH |
| It was found that the Karaf container used by Red Hat JBoss Fuse 6.x, and Red Hat JBoss A-MQ 6.x, deserializes objects passed to MBeans via JMX operations. An attacker could use this flaw to execute remote code on the server as the user running the Java Virtual Machine if the target MBean contain deserialization gadgets in its classpath. | |||||
| CVE-2016-8609 | 1 Redhat | 1 Keycloak | 2019-10-09 | 5.8 MEDIUM | 8.1 HIGH |
| It was found that the keycloak before 2.3.0 did not implement authentication flow correctly. An attacker could use this flaw to construct a phishing URL, from which he could hijack the user's session. This could lead to information disclosure, or permit further possible attacks. | |||||
| CVE-2016-9368 | 1 Eaton | 1 Xcomfort Ethernet Communication Interface | 2019-10-09 | 5.0 MEDIUM | 7.5 HIGH |
| An issue was discovered in Eaton xComfort Ethernet Communication Interface (ECI) Versions 1.07 and prior. By accessing a specific uniform resource locator (URL) on the webserver, a malicious user may be able to access files without authenticating. | |||||
| CVE-2016-8631 | 1 Redhat | 1 Openshift | 2019-10-09 | 4.0 MEDIUM | 7.7 HIGH |
| The OpenShift Enterprise 3 router does not properly sort routes when processing newly added routes. An attacker with access to create routes can potentially overwrite existing routes and redirect network traffic for other users to their own site. | |||||
| CVE-2016-9578 | 3 Debian, Redhat, Spice Project | 7 Debian Linux, Enterprise Linux Desktop, Enterprise Linux Server and 4 more | 2019-10-09 | 5.0 MEDIUM | 7.5 HIGH |
| A vulnerability was discovered in SPICE before 0.13.90 in the server's protocol handling. An attacker able to connect to the SPICE server could send crafted messages which would cause the process to crash. | |||||
| CVE-2016-9579 | 2 Canonical, Redhat | 8 Ubuntu Linux, Ceph Storage, Ceph Storage Mon and 5 more | 2019-10-09 | 5.0 MEDIUM | 7.5 HIGH |
| A flaw was found in the way Ceph Object Gateway would process cross-origin HTTP requests if the CORS policy was set to allow origin on a bucket. A remote unauthenticated attacker could use this flaw to cause denial of service by sending a specially-crafted cross-origin HTTP request. Ceph branches 1.3.x and 2.x are affected. | |||||
| CVE-2016-9583 | 3 Jasper Project, Oracle, Redhat | 8 Jasper, Outside In Technology, Enterprise Linux Desktop and 5 more | 2019-10-09 | 6.8 MEDIUM | 7.8 HIGH |
| An out-of-bounds heap read vulnerability was found in the jpc_pi_nextpcrl() function of jasper before 2.0.6 when processing crafted input. | |||||
| CVE-2016-9589 | 1 Redhat | 1 Jboss Wildfly Application Server | 2019-10-09 | 5.0 MEDIUM | 7.5 HIGH |
| Undertow in Red Hat wildfly before version 11.0.0.Beta1 is vulnerable to a resource exhaustion resulting in a denial of service. Undertow keeps a cache of seen HTTP headers in persistent connections. It was found that this cache can easily exploited to fill memory with garbage, up to "max-headers" (default 200) * "max-header-size" (default 1MB) per active TCP connection. | |||||
| CVE-2016-9463 | 2 Nextcloud, Owncloud | 2 Nextcloud Server, Owncloud | 2019-10-09 | 6.8 MEDIUM | 8.1 HIGH |
| Nextcloud Server before 9.0.54 and 10.0.1 & ownCloud Server before 9.1.2, 9.0.6, and 8.2.9 suffer from SMB User Authentication Bypass. Nextcloud/ownCloud include an optional and not by default enabled SMB authentication component that allows authenticating users against an SMB server. This backend is implemented in a way that tries to connect to a SMB server and if that succeeded consider the user logged-in. The backend did not properly take into account SMB servers that have any kind of anonymous auth configured. This is the default on SMB servers nowadays and allows an unauthenticated attacker to gain access to an account without valid credentials. Note: The SMB backend is disabled by default and requires manual configuration in the Nextcloud/ownCloud config file. If you have not configured the SMB backend then you're not affected by this vulnerability. | |||||
| CVE-2016-9593 | 2 Redhat, Theforeman | 2 Satellite, Foreman | 2019-10-09 | 4.0 MEDIUM | 8.8 HIGH |
| foreman-debug before version 1.15.0 is vulnerable to a flaw in foreman-debug's logging. An attacker with access to the foreman log file would be able to view passwords, allowing them to access those systems. | |||||
| CVE-2016-9594 | 1 Haxx | 1 Curl | 2019-10-09 | 6.8 MEDIUM | 8.1 HIGH |
| curl before version 7.52.1 is vulnerable to an uninitialized random in libcurl's internal function that returns a good 32bit random value. Having a weak or virtually non-existent random value makes the operations that use it vulnerable. | |||||