Vulnerabilities (CVE)

CVE Vendors Products Updated CVSS v2 CVSS v3
CVE-2021-40978 1 Mkdocs 1 Mkdocs 2021-10-15 5.0 MEDIUM 7.5 HIGH
** DISPUTED ** The mkdocs 1.2.2 built-in dev-server allows directory traversal using the port 8000, enabling remote exploitation to obtain :sensitive information. NOTE: the vendor has disputed this as described in https://github.com/mkdocs/mkdocs/issues/2601.] and https://github.com/nisdn/CVE-2021-40978/issues/1.
CVE-2021-42095 1 Netsarang 1 Xshell 2021-10-15 5.0 MEDIUM 7.5 HIGH
Xshell before 7.0.0.76 allows attackers to cause a crash by triggering rapid changes to the title bar.
CVE-2021-20602 1 Mitsubishielectric 20 Got2000 Gt2103-pmbd, Got2000 Gt2103-pmbd Firmware, Got2000 Gt2104-pmbd and 17 more 2021-10-14 5.0 MEDIUM 7.5 HIGH
Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions vulnerability in GOT2000 series GT21 model GT2107-WTBD all versions, GT2107-WTSD all versions, GT2104-RTBD all versions, GT2104-PMBD all versions, GT2103-PMBD all versions, GOT SIMPLE series GS21 model GS2110-WTBD all versions, GS2107-WTBD all versions, GS2110-WTBD-N all versions, GS2107-WTBD-N all versions and LE7-40GU-L all versions allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause DoS condition of the products by sending specially crafted packets.
CVE-2021-41128 1 Hygeia Project 1 Hygeia 2021-10-14 6.5 MEDIUM 8.8 HIGH
Hygeia is an application for collecting and processing personal and case data in connection with communicable diseases. In affected versions all CSV Exports (Statistics & BAG MED) contain a CSV Injection Vulnerability. Users of the system are able to submit formula as exported fields which then get executed upon ingestion of the exported file. There is no validation or sanitization of these formula fields and so malicious may construct malicious code. This vulnerability has been resolved in version 1.30.4. There are no workarounds and all users are advised to upgrade their package.
CVE-2021-34766 1 Cisco 1 Smart Software Manager On-prem 2021-10-14 6.5 MEDIUM 8.8 HIGH
A vulnerability in the web UI of Cisco Smart Software Manager On-Prem (SSM On-Prem) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to elevate privileges and create, read, update, or delete records and settings in multiple functions. This vulnerability is due to insufficient authorization of the System User and System Operator role capabilities. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by directly accessing a web resource. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to create, read, update, or delete records and settings in multiple functions without the necessary permissions on the web UI.
CVE-2021-1594 1 Cisco 1 Identity Services Engine 2021-10-14 9.3 HIGH 8.1 HIGH
A vulnerability in the REST API of Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to perform a command injection attack and elevate privileges to root. This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation for specific API endpoints. An attacker in a man-in-the-middle position could exploit this vulnerability by intercepting and modifying specific internode communications from one ISE persona to another ISE persona. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to run arbitrary commands with root privileges on the underlying operating system. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker would need to decrypt HTTPS traffic between two ISE personas that are located on separate nodes.
CVE-2021-34698 1 Cisco 8 Asyncos, Web Security Appliance S170, Web Security Appliance S190 and 5 more 2021-10-14 7.8 HIGH 7.5 HIGH
A vulnerability in the proxy service of Cisco AsyncOS for Cisco Web Security Appliance (WSA) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to exhaust system memory and cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to improper memory management in the proxy service of an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by establishing a large number of HTTPS connections to the affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the system to stop processing new connections, which could result in a DoS condition. Note: Manual intervention may be required to recover from this situation.
CVE-2021-34710 1 Cisco 6 Ata 190, Ata 190 Firmware, Ata 191 and 3 more 2021-10-14 9.0 HIGH 8.8 HIGH
Multiple vulnerabilities in the Cisco ATA 190 Series Analog Telephone Adapter Software could allow an attacker to perform a command injection attack resulting in remote code execution or cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.
CVE-2021-34735 1 Cisco 6 Ata 190, Ata 190 Firmware, Ata 191 and 3 more 2021-10-14 7.8 HIGH 7.5 HIGH
Multiple vulnerabilities in the Cisco ATA 190 Series Analog Telephone Adapter Software could allow an attacker to perform a command injection attack resulting in remote code execution or cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.
CVE-2021-34779 1 Cisco 32 Business 220-16p-2g, Business 220-16p-2g Firmware, Business 220-16t-2g and 29 more 2021-10-14 7.9 HIGH 8.8 HIGH
Multiple vulnerabilities exist in the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) implementation for Cisco Small Business 220 Series Smart Switches. An unauthenticated, adjacent attacker could perform the following: Execute code on the affected device or cause it to reload unexpectedly Cause LLDP database corruption on the affected device For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory. Note: LLDP is a Layer 2 protocol. To exploit these vulnerabilities, an attacker must be in the same broadcast domain as the affected device (Layer 2 adjacent). Cisco has released firmware updates that address these vulnerabilities.
CVE-2020-21649 1 Myucms Project 1 Myucms 2021-10-14 5.5 MEDIUM 8.1 HIGH
Myucms v2.2.1 contains a server-side request forgery (SSRF) in the component \controller\index.php, which can be exploited via the sql() method.
CVE-2021-34780 1 Cisco 32 Business 220-16p-2g, Business 220-16p-2g Firmware, Business 220-16t-2g and 29 more 2021-10-14 7.9 HIGH 8.8 HIGH
Multiple vulnerabilities exist in the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) implementation for Cisco Small Business 220 Series Smart Switches. An unauthenticated, adjacent attacker could perform the following: Execute code on the affected device or cause it to reload unexpectedly Cause LLDP database corruption on the affected device For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory. Note: LLDP is a Layer 2 protocol. To exploit these vulnerabilities, an attacker must be in the same broadcast domain as the affected device (Layer 2 adjacent). Cisco has released firmware updates that address these vulnerabilities.
CVE-2021-34748 1 Cisco 1 Intersight Virtual Appliance 2021-10-14 9.0 HIGH 8.8 HIGH
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Intersight Virtual Appliance could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to perform a command injection attack on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by using the web-based management interface to execute a command using crafted input. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands using root-level privileges on an affected device.
CVE-2021-42040 1 Mediawiki 1 Mediawiki 2021-10-14 5.0 MEDIUM 7.5 HIGH
An issue was discovered in MediaWiki through 1.36.2. A parser function related to loop control allowed for an infinite loop (and php-fpm hang) within the Loops extension because egLoopsCountLimit is mishandled. This could lead to memory exhaustion.
CVE-2021-34788 3 Apple, Cisco, Linux 3 Macos, Anyconnect Secure Mobility Client, Linux Kernel 2021-10-14 6.9 MEDIUM 7.0 HIGH
A vulnerability in the shared library loading mechanism of Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client for Linux and Mac OS could allow an authenticated, local attacker to perform a shared library hijacking attack on an affected device if the VPN Posture (HostScan) Module is installed on the AnyConnect client. This vulnerability is due to a race condition in the signature verification process for shared library files that are loaded on an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a series of crafted interprocess communication (IPC) messages to the AnyConnect process. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected device with root privileges. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have a valid account on the system.
CVE-2021-29837 1 Ibm 1 Sterling B2b Integrator 2021-10-14 6.8 MEDIUM 8.8 HIGH
IBM Sterling B2B Integrator Standard Edition 5.2.0.0 through 6.1.1.0 is vulnerable to cross-site request forgery which could allow an attacker to execute malicious and unauthorized actions transmitted from a user that the website trusts. IBM X-Force ID: 204913.
CVE-2021-38925 1 Ibm 1 Sterling B2b Integrator 2021-10-14 5.0 MEDIUM 7.5 HIGH
IBM Sterling B2B Integrator Standard Edition 5.2.0. 0 through 6.1.1.0 uses weaker than expected cryptographic algorithms that could allow an attacker to decrypt highly sensitive information. IBM X-Force ID: 210171.
CVE-2021-25496 1 Samsung 1 Notes 2021-10-14 4.6 MEDIUM 7.8 HIGH
A possible buffer overflow vulnerability in maetd_dec_slice of libSPenBase library of Samsung Notes prior to Samsung Notes version 4.3.02.61 allows arbitrary code execution.
CVE-2021-25497 1 Samsung 1 Notes 2021-10-14 4.6 MEDIUM 7.8 HIGH
A possible buffer overflow vulnerability in maetd_cpy_slice of libSPenBase library of Samsung Notes prior to Samsung Notes version 4.3.02.61 allows arbitrary code execution.
CVE-2021-25498 1 Samsung 1 Notes 2021-10-14 4.6 MEDIUM 7.8 HIGH
A possible buffer overflow vulnerability in maetd_eco_cb_mode of libSPenBase library of Samsung Notes prior to Samsung Notes version 4.3.02.61 allows arbitrary code execution.
CVE-2021-23858 1 Bosch 24 Indracontrol Xlc, Indracontrol Xlc Firmware, Rexroth Indramotion Mlc L20 and 21 more 2021-10-14 7.8 HIGH 7.5 HIGH
Information disclosure: The main configuration, including users and their hashed passwords, is exposed by an unprotected web server resource and can be accessed without authentication. Additionally, device details are exposed which include the serial number and the firmware version by another unprotected web server resource.
CVE-2021-41126 1 Octobercms 1 October 2021-10-14 6.5 MEDIUM 7.2 HIGH
October is a Content Management System (CMS) and web platform built on the the Laravel PHP Framework. In affected versions administrator accounts which had previously been deleted may still be able to sign in to the backend using October CMS v2.0. The issue has been patched in v2.1.12 of the october/october package. There are no workarounds for this issue and all users should update.
CVE-2021-25494 1 Samsung 1 Notes 2021-10-14 4.6 MEDIUM 7.8 HIGH
A possible buffer overflow vulnerability in libSPenBase library of Samsung Notes prior to Samsung Note version 4.3.02.61 allows arbitrary code execution.
CVE-2021-22557 1 Google 1 Slo Generator 2021-10-14 6.8 MEDIUM 7.8 HIGH
SLO generator allows for loading of YAML files that if crafted in a specific format can allow for code execution within the context of the SLO Generator. We recommend upgrading SLO Generator past https://github.com/google/slo-generator/pull/173
CVE-2021-20264 1 Oracle 1 Openjdk 2021-10-14 4.6 MEDIUM 7.8 HIGH
An insecure modification flaw in the /etc/passwd file was found in the openjdk-1.8 and openjdk-11 containers. This flaw allows an attacker with access to the container to modify the /etc/passwd and escalate their privileges. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to confidentiality, integrity, as well as system availability.
CVE-2021-42093 1 Zammad 1 Zammad 2021-10-14 6.5 MEDIUM 7.2 HIGH
An issue was discovered in Zammad before 4.1.1. An admin can execute code on the server via a crafted request that manipulates triggers.
CVE-2021-3581 1 Zephyrproject 1 Zephyr 2021-10-14 5.8 MEDIUM 8.8 HIGH
Buffer Access with Incorrect Length Value in zephyr. Zephyr versions >= >=2.5.0 contain Buffer Access with Incorrect Length Value (CWE-805). For more information, see https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-8q65-5gqf-fmw5
CVE-2021-41120 1 Sylius 1 Paypal 2021-10-14 5.0 MEDIUM 7.5 HIGH
sylius/paypal-plugin is a paypal plugin for the Sylius development platform. In affected versions the URL to the payment page done after checkout was created with autoincremented payment id (/pay-with-paypal/{id}) and therefore it was easy to predict. The problem is that the Credit card form has prefilled "credit card holder" field with the Customer's first and last name and hence this can lead to personally identifiable information exposure. Additionally, the mentioned form did not require authentication. The problem has been patched in Sylius/PayPalPlugin 1.2.4 and 1.3.1. If users are unable to update they can override a sylius_paypal_plugin_pay_with_paypal_form route and change its URL parameters to (for example) {orderToken}/{paymentId}, then override the Sylius\PayPalPlugin\Controller\PayWithPayPalFormAction service, to operate on the payment taken from the repository by these 2 values. It would also require usage of custom repository method. Additionally, one could override the @SyliusPayPalPlugin/payWithPaypal.html.twig template, to add contingencies: ['SCA_ALWAYS'] line in hostedFields.submit(...) function call (line 421). It would then have to be handled in the function callback.
CVE-2021-34740 1 Cisco 71 6300 Series Access Points, Aironet 1540, Aironet 1542d and 68 more 2021-10-14 6.1 MEDIUM 7.4 HIGH
A vulnerability in the WLAN Control Protocol (WCP) implementation for Cisco Aironet Access Point (AP) software could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause a reload of an affected device, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. This vulnerability is due to incorrect error handling when an affected device receives an unexpected 802.11 frame. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending certain 802.11 frames over the wireless network to an interface on an affected AP. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause a packet buffer leak. This could eventually result in buffer allocation failures, which would trigger a reload of the affected device.
CVE-2021-41124 1 Zyte 1 Scrapy-splash 2021-10-14 4.3 MEDIUM 7.5 HIGH
Scrapy-splash is a library which provides Scrapy and JavaScript integration. In affected versions users who use [`HttpAuthMiddleware`](http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#module-scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth) (i.e. the `http_user` and `http_pass` spider attributes) for Splash authentication will have any non-Splash request expose your credentials to the request target. This includes `robots.txt` requests sent by Scrapy when the `ROBOTSTXT_OBEY` setting is set to `True`. Upgrade to scrapy-splash 0.8.0 and use the new `SPLASH_USER` and `SPLASH_PASS` settings instead to set your Splash authentication credentials safely. If you cannot upgrade, set your Splash request credentials on a per-request basis, [using the `splash_headers` request parameter](https://github.com/scrapy-plugins/scrapy-splash/tree/0.8.x#http-basic-auth), instead of defining them globally using the [`HttpAuthMiddleware`](http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#module-scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth). Alternatively, make sure all your requests go through Splash. That includes disabling the [robots.txt middleware](https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#topics-dlmw-robots).
CVE-2021-3510 1 Zephyrproject 1 Zephyr 2021-10-14 5.0 MEDIUM 7.5 HIGH
Zephyr JSON decoder incorrectly decodes array of array. Zephyr versions >= >1.14.0, >= >2.5.0 contain Attempt to Access Child of a Non-structure Pointer (CWE-588). For more information, see https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-289f-7mw3-2qf4
CVE-2021-42089 1 Zammad 1 Zammad 2021-10-14 5.0 MEDIUM 7.5 HIGH
An issue was discovered in Zammad before 4.1.1. The REST API discloses sensitive information.
CVE-2020-21503 1 Waimai Super Cms Project 1 Waimai Super Cms 2021-10-14 5.0 MEDIUM 7.5 HIGH
waimai Super Cms 20150505 has a logic flaw allowing attackers to modify a price, before form submission, by observing data in a packet capture. By setting the index.php?m=gift&a=addsave credit parameter to -1, the product is sold for free.
CVE-2021-1620 1 Cisco 277 8800 12-slot, 8800 18-slot, 8800 4-slot and 274 more 2021-10-13 3.5 LOW 7.7 HIGH
A vulnerability in the Internet Key Exchange Version 2 (IKEv2) support for the AutoReconnect feature of Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to exhaust the free IP addresses from the assigned local pool. This vulnerability occurs because the code does not release the allocated IP address under certain failure conditions. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by trying to connect to the device with a non-AnyConnect client. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to exhaust the IP addresses from the assigned local pool, which prevents users from logging in and leads to a denial of service (DoS) condition.
CVE-2021-25470 2 Google, Samsung 2 Android, Exynos 2021-10-13 3.6 LOW 7.9 HIGH
An improper caller check logic of SMC call in TEEGRIS secure OS prior to SMR Oct-2021 Release 1 can be used to compromise TEE.
CVE-2018-19277 1 Phpspreadsheet Project 1 Phpspreadsheet 2021-10-13 6.8 MEDIUM 8.8 HIGH
securityScan() in PHPOffice PhpSpreadsheet through 1.5.0 allows a bypass of protection mechanisms for XXE via UTF-7 encoding in a .xlsx file
CVE-2021-25471 2 Google, Samsung 2 Android, Exynos 2021-10-13 5.0 MEDIUM 7.5 HIGH
A lack of replay attack protection in Security Mode Command process prior to SMR Oct-2021 Release 1 can lead to denial of service on mobile network connection and battery depletion.
CVE-2021-25479 2 Google, Samsung 2 Android, Exynos 2021-10-13 6.5 MEDIUM 7.2 HIGH
A possible heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Exynos CP Chipset prior to SMR Oct-2021 Release 1 allows arbitrary memory write and code execution.
CVE-2021-25478 2 Google, Samsung 2 Android, Exynos 2021-10-13 6.5 MEDIUM 7.2 HIGH
A possible stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Exynos CP Chipset prior to SMR Oct-2021 Release 1 allows arbitrary memory write and code execution.
CVE-2021-38392 1 Bostonscientific 2 Zoom Latitude Pogrammer\/recorder\/monitor 3120, Zoom Latitude Pogrammer\/recorder\/monitor 3120 Firmware 2021-10-13 7.2 HIGH 7.6 HIGH
A skilled attacker with physical access to the affected device can gain access to the hard disk drive of the device to change the telemetry region and could use this setting to interrogate or program an implantable device in any region in the world.
CVE-2021-25480 2 Google, Qualcomm 2 Android, Qualcomm 2021-10-13 5.0 MEDIUM 7.5 HIGH
A lack of replay attack protection in GUTI REALLOCATION COMMAND message process in Qualcomm modem prior to SMR Oct-2021 Release 1 can lead to remote denial of service on mobile network connection.
CVE-2021-25485 1 Google 1 Android 2021-10-13 5.8 MEDIUM 8.0 HIGH
Path traversal vulnerability in FactoryAirCommnadManger prior to SMR Oct-2021 Release 1 allows attackers to write file as system UID via BT remote socket.
CVE-2021-25487 2 Google, Samsung 2 Android, Exynos 2021-10-13 4.6 MEDIUM 7.8 HIGH
Lack of boundary checking of a buffer in set_skb_priv() of modem interface driver prior to SMR Oct-2021 Release 1 allows OOB read and it results in arbitrary code execution by dereference of invalid function pointer.
CVE-2021-25493 1 Samsung 1 Notes 2021-10-13 3.6 LOW 7.1 HIGH
Lack of boundary checking of a buffer in libSPenBase library of Samsung Notes prior to Samsung Note version 4.3.02.61 allows OOB read
CVE-2021-34769 1 Cisco 11 Catalyst 9800, Catalyst 9800-40, Catalyst 9800-40 Wireless Controller and 8 more 2021-10-13 7.8 HIGH 7.5 HIGH
Multiple vulnerabilities in the Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) protocol processing of Cisco IOS XE Software for Cisco Catalyst 9000 Family Wireless Controllers could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. These vulnerabilities are due to insufficient validation of CAPWAP packets. An attacker could exploit the vulnerabilities by sending a malformed CAPWAP packet to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the affected device to crash and reload, resulting in a DoS condition.
CVE-2021-34770 1 Cisco 11 Catalyst 9800, Catalyst 9800-40, Catalyst 9800-40 Wireless Controller and 8 more 2021-10-13 9.0 HIGH 7.2 HIGH
A vulnerability in the Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) protocol processing of Cisco IOS XE Software for Cisco Catalyst 9000 Family Wireless Controllers could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with administrative privileges or cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to a logic error that occurs during the validation of CAPWAP packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted CAPWAP packet to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code with administrative privileges or cause the affected device to crash and reload, resulting in a DoS condition.
CVE-2021-34768 1 Cisco 11 Catalyst 9800, Catalyst 9800-40, Catalyst 9800-40 Wireless Controller and 8 more 2021-10-13 7.8 HIGH 7.5 HIGH
Multiple vulnerabilities in the Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) protocol processing of Cisco IOS XE Software for Cisco Catalyst 9000 Family Wireless Controllers could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. These vulnerabilities are due to insufficient validation of CAPWAP packets. An attacker could exploit the vulnerabilities by sending a malformed CAPWAP packet to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the affected device to crash and reload, resulting in a DoS condition.
CVE-2021-34714 1 Cisco 225 Firepower 4100, Firepower 4110, Firepower 4112 and 222 more 2021-10-13 5.7 MEDIUM 7.4 HIGH
A vulnerability in the Unidirectional Link Detection (UDLD) feature of Cisco FXOS Software, Cisco IOS Software, Cisco IOS XE Software, Cisco IOS XR Software, and Cisco NX-OS Software could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause an affected device to reload. This vulnerability is due to improper input validation of the UDLD packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending specifically crafted UDLD packets to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the affected device to reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. Note: The UDLD feature is disabled by default, and the conditions to exploit this vulnerability are strict. An attacker must have full control of a directly connected device. On Cisco IOS XR devices, the impact is limited to the reload of the UDLD process.
CVE-2021-34767 1 Cisco 9 Catalyst 9800, Catalyst 9800-40, Catalyst 9800-80 and 6 more 2021-10-13 3.3 LOW 7.4 HIGH
A vulnerability in IPv6 traffic processing of Cisco IOS XE Wireless Controller Software for Cisco Catalyst 9000 Family Wireless Controllers could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause a Layer 2 (L2) loop in a configured VLAN, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition for that VLAN. The vulnerability is due to a logic error when processing specific link-local IPv6 traffic. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted IPv6 packet that would flow inbound through the wired interface of an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause traffic drops in the affected VLAN, thus triggering the DoS condition.
CVE-2021-23855 1 Bosch 4 Rexroth Indramotion Mlc, Rexroth Indramotion Mlc Firmware, Rexroth Indramotion Xlc and 1 more 2021-10-12 5.0 MEDIUM 7.5 HIGH
The user and password data base is exposed by an unprotected web server resource. Passwords are hashed with a weak hashing algorithm and therefore allow an attacker to determine the password by using rainbow tables.