Vulnerabilities (CVE)

CVE Vendors Products Updated CVSS v2 CVSS v3
CVE-2005-0162 2 Openswan, Xelerance 2 Openswan, Openswan 2019-07-29 7.2 HIGH N/A
Stack-based buffer overflow in the get_internal_addresses function in the pluto application for Openswan 1.x before 1.0.9, and Openswan 2.x before 2.3.0, when compiled with XAUTH and PAM enabled, allows remote authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code.
CVE-2019-9230 1 Audiocodes 8 Mediant 500-mbsr, Mediant 500-mbsr Firmware, Mediant 500l-msbr and 5 more 2019-07-29 4.3 MEDIUM 6.1 MEDIUM
An issue was discovered on AudioCodes Mediant 500L-MSBR, 500-MBSR, M800B-MSBR and 800C-MSBR devices with firmware versions F7.20A to F7.20A.253. A cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the search function of the management web interface allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the keyword parameter.
CVE-2019-2263 1 Qualcomm 66 Ipq4019, Ipq4019 Firmware, Ipq8064 and 63 more 2019-07-29 4.6 MEDIUM 7.8 HIGH
Access to freed memory can happen while reading from diag driver due to use after free issue in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Wearables, Snapdragon Wired Infrastructure and Networking in IPQ4019, IPQ8064, MDM9206, MDM9607, MDM9640, MDM9650, MSM8909W, MSM8996AU, QCA9531, QCA9980, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 425, SD 427, SD 430, SD 435, SD 450, SD 625, SD 636, SD 650/52, SD 712 / SD 710 / SD 670, SD 820, SD 820A, SD 835, SD 845 / SD 850, SDM660, SDX20, Snapdragon_High_Med_2016
CVE-2019-2272 1 Qualcomm 56 Mdm9206, Mdm9206 Firmware, Mdm9607 and 53 more 2019-07-29 4.6 MEDIUM 7.8 HIGH
Buffer overflow can occur in display function due to lack of validation of header block size set by user. in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon IoT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Voice & Music, Snapdragon Wearables in MDM9206, MDM9607, MDM9650, MSM8909W, MSM8996AU, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 425, SD 427, SD 430, SD 435, SD 450, SD 615/16/SD 415, SD 625, SD 636, SD 650/52, SD 712 / SD 710 / SD 670, SD 820A, SD 845 / SD 850, SDM660, SDX20
CVE-2019-2273 1 Qualcomm 60 Msm8909w, Msm8909w Firmware, Qcs605 and 57 more 2019-07-29 7.8 HIGH 7.5 HIGH
IOMMU page fault while playing h265 video file leads to denial of service issue in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Voice & Music, Snapdragon Wearables in MSM8909W, QCS605, Qualcomm 215, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 425, SD 427, SD 430, SD 435, SD 439 / SD 429, SD 450, SD 625, SD 650/52, SD 665, SD 675, SD 712 / SD 710 / SD 670, SD 730, SD 820, SD 845 / SD 850, SD 855, SD 8CX, SDM439, Snapdragon_High_Med_2016, SXR1130
CVE-2019-2276 1 Qualcomm 44 Mdm9607, Mdm9607 Firmware, Msm8996au and 41 more 2019-07-29 10.0 HIGH 9.8 CRITICAL
Possible out of bound read occurs while processing beaconing request due to lack of check on action frames received from user controlled space in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Consumer Electronics Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Voice & Music in MDM9607, MSM8996AU, QCA6174A, QCA6574AU, QCA9377, QCA9379, QCS405, QCS605, SD 636, SD 665, SD 675, SD 712 / SD 710 / SD 670, SD 730, SD 820A, SD 845 / SD 850, SD 855, SDM630, SDM660, SDX24
CVE-2019-2290 1 Qualcomm 56 Mdm9206, Mdm9206 Firmware, Mdm9607 and 53 more 2019-07-29 4.6 MEDIUM 7.8 HIGH
Multiple open and close from multiple threads will lead camera driver to access destroyed session data pointer in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Wearables in MDM9206, MDM9607, MDM9640, MDM9650, MSM8909W, MSM8996AU, QCS605, SD 425, SD 427, SD 430, SD 435, SD 450, SD 625, SD 636, SD 650/52, SD 712 / SD 710 / SD 670, SD 820, SD 820A, SD 835, SD 845 / SD 850, SDM660, SDX20, SDX24, Snapdragon_High_Med_2016
CVE-2019-2298 1 Qualcomm 58 Mdm9150, Mdm9150 Firmware, Mdm9206 and 55 more 2019-07-29 4.6 MEDIUM 7.8 HIGH
Protection is missing while accessing md sessions info via macro which can lead to use-after-free in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Voice & Music, Snapdragon Wearables in MDM9150, MDM9206, MDM9607, MDM9640, MDM9650, MSM8909W, QCS405, QCS605, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 425, SD 427, SD 430, SD 435, SD 450, SD 625, SD 636, SD 712 / SD 710 / SD 670, SD 820, SD 820A, SD 845 / SD 850, SD 855, SDM660, SDX20, SDX24
CVE-2019-2305 1 Qualcomm 72 Mdm9150, Mdm9150 Firmware, Mdm9206 and 69 more 2019-07-29 7.5 HIGH 9.8 CRITICAL
Out of bound access when reason code is extracted from frame data without validating the frame length in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Consumer Electronics Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Voice & Music in MDM9150, MDM9206, MDM9607, MDM9640, MDM9650, MSM8996AU, QCA6174A, QCA6574AU, QCA9377, QCA9379, QCS405, QCS605, SD 425, SD 427, SD 430, SD 435, SD 450, SD 625, SD 636, SD 665, SD 675, SD 712 / SD 710 / SD 670, SD 730, SD 820, SD 820A, SD 835, SD 845 / SD 850, SD 855, SDA660, SDM630, SDM660, SDX20, SDX24
CVE-2019-11698 1 Mozilla 3 Firefox, Firefox Esr, Thunderbird 2019-07-29 5.0 MEDIUM 5.3 MEDIUM
If a crafted hyperlink is dragged and dropped to the bookmark bar or sidebar and the resulting bookmark is subsequently dragged and dropped into the web content area, an arbitrary query of a user's browser history can be run and transmitted to the content page via drop event data. This allows for the theft of browser history by a malicious site. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 60.7, Firefox < 67, and Firefox ESR < 60.7.
CVE-2019-11696 1 Mozilla 1 Firefox 2019-07-28 6.8 MEDIUM 7.8 HIGH
Files with the .JNLP extension used for "Java web start" applications are not treated as executable content for download prompts even though they can be executed if Java is installed on the local system. This could allow users to mistakenly launch an executable binary locally. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 67.
CVE-2019-13227 1 Deepin 1 Deepin-clone 2019-07-28 6.6 MEDIUM 5.5 MEDIUM
In GUI mode, deepin-clone before 1.1.3 creates a log file at the fixed path /tmp/.deepin-clone.log as root, and follows symlinks there. An unprivileged user can prepare a symlink attack there to create or overwrite files in arbitrary file system locations. The content is not attacker controlled.
CVE-2019-13228 1 Deepin 1 Deepin-clone 2019-07-28 6.6 MEDIUM 4.7 MEDIUM
deepin-clone before 1.1.3 uses a fixed path /tmp/repo.iso in the BootDoctor::fix() function to download an ISO file, and follows symlinks there. An unprivileged user can prepare a symlink attack there to create or overwrite files in arbitrary file system locations. The content is not attacker controlled. By winning a race condition to replace the /tmp/repo.iso symlink by an attacker controlled ISO file, further privilege escalation may be possible.
CVE-2018-1042 1 Moodle 1 Moodle 2019-07-27 4.0 MEDIUM 6.5 MEDIUM
Moodle 3.x has Server Side Request Forgery in the filepicker.
CVE-2019-13977 1 Ovidentia 1 Ovidentia 2019-07-27 3.5 LOW 5.4 MEDIUM
index.php in Ovidentia 8.4.3 has XSS via tg=groups, tg=maildoms&idx=create&userid=0&bgrp=y, tg=delegat, tg=site&idx=create, tg=site&item=4, tg=admdir&idx=mdb&id=1, tg=notes&idx=Create, tg=admfaqs&idx=Add, or tg=admoc&idx=addoc&item=.
CVE-2019-13978 1 Ovidentia 1 Ovidentia 2019-07-27 6.5 MEDIUM 8.8 HIGH
Ovidentia 8.4.3 has SQL Injection via the id parameter in an index.php?tg=delegat&idx=mem request.
CVE-2019-1000033 2019-07-26 N/A N/A
** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. ConsultIDs: CVE-2019-1010259. Reason: This candidate is a reservation duplicate of CVE-2019-1010259. Notes: All CVE users should reference CVE-2019-1010259 instead of this candidate. All references and descriptions in this candidate have been removed to prevent accidental usage.
CVE-2019-1010193 1 Hisiphp 1 Hisiphp 2019-07-26 4.3 MEDIUM 6.1 MEDIUM
hisiphp 1.0.8 is affected by: Cross Site Scripting (XSS).
CVE-2019-11701 1 Mozilla 1 Firefox 2019-07-26 4.3 MEDIUM 6.1 MEDIUM
The default webcal: protocol handler will load a web site vulnerable to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks. This default was left in place as a legacy feature and has now been removed. *Note: this issue only affects users with an account on the vulnerable service. Other users are unaffected.*. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 67.
CVE-2019-2236 1 Qualcomm 76 Ipq8074, Ipq8074 Firmware, Mdm9206 and 73 more 2019-07-26 2.1 LOW 5.5 MEDIUM
Null pointer dereference during secure application termination using specific application ids. in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer Electronics Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Voice & Music, Snapdragon Wired Infrastructure and Networking in IPQ8074, MDM9206, MDM9607, MDM9650, MDM9655, MSM8996AU, QCA8081, QCS605, Qualcomm 215, SD 410/12, SD 425, SD 427, SD 430, SD 435, SD 439 / SD 429, SD 450, SD 625, SD 632, SD 636, SD 650/52, SD 675, SD 712 / SD 710 / SD 670, SD 730, SD 820, SD 820A, SD 835, SD 8CX, SDA660, SDM439, SDM630, SDM660, Snapdragon_High_Med_2016, SXR1130
CVE-2019-1010205 1 Linagora 1 Hublin 2019-07-26 5.0 MEDIUM 7.5 HIGH
LINAGORA hublin latest (commit 72ead897082403126bf8df9264e70f0a9de247ff) is affected by: Directory Traversal. The impact is: The vulnerability allows an attacker to access any file (with a fixed extension) on the server. The component is: A web-view renderer; details here: https://lgtm.com/projects/g/linagora/hublin/snapshot/af9f1ce253b4ee923ff8da8f9d908d02a8e95b7f/files/backend/webserver/views.js?sort=name&dir=ASC&mode=heatmap&showExcluded=false#xb24eb0101d2aec21:1. The attack vector is: Attacker sends a specially crafted HTTP request.
CVE-2019-2237 1 Qualcomm 34 Mdm9206, Mdm9206 Firmware, Mdm9607 and 31 more 2019-07-26 2.1 LOW 5.5 MEDIUM
Failure in taking appropriate action to handle the error case If keypad gpio deactivation fails leads to silent failure scenario and subsequent logic gets executed everytime in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Consumer Electronics Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile in MDM9206, MDM9607, MDM9650, MDM9655, QCS605, SD 210/SD 212/SD 205, SD 410/12, SD 675, SD 712 / SD 710 / SD 670, SD 730, SD 8CX, SXR1130
CVE-2019-11691 1 Mozilla 3 Firefox, Firefox Esr, Thunderbird 2019-07-26 7.5 HIGH 9.8 CRITICAL
A use-after-free vulnerability can occur when working with XMLHttpRequest (XHR) in an event loop, causing the XHR main thread to be called after it has been freed. This results in a potentially exploitable crash. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 60.7, Firefox < 67, and Firefox ESR < 60.7.
CVE-2019-9817 1 Mozilla 3 Firefox, Firefox Esr, Thunderbird 2019-07-26 5.0 MEDIUM 5.3 MEDIUM
Images from a different domain can be read using a canvas object in some circumstances. This could be used to steal image data from a different site in violation of same-origin policy. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 60.7, Firefox < 67, and Firefox ESR < 60.7.
CVE-2019-9820 1 Mozilla 3 Firefox, Firefox Esr, Thunderbird 2019-07-26 7.5 HIGH 9.8 CRITICAL
A use-after-free vulnerability can occur in the chrome event handler when it is freed while still in use. This results in a potentially exploitable crash. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 60.7, Firefox < 67, and Firefox ESR < 60.7.
CVE-2019-9231 1 Audiocodes 8 Mediant 500-mbsr, Mediant 500-mbsr Firmware, Mediant 500l-msbr and 5 more 2019-07-26 6.8 MEDIUM 8.8 HIGH
An issue was discovered on AudioCodes Mediant 500L-MSBR, 500-MBSR, M800B-MSBR and 800C-MSBR devices with firmware versions before 7.20A.202.307. A Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the management web interface allows remote attackers to execute malicious and unauthorized actions, because CSRFProtection=1 is not a default and is not documented.
CVE-2018-17210 1 Printeron 1 Central Print Services 2019-07-26 6.5 MEDIUM 8.8 HIGH
An issue was discovered in PrinterOn Central Print Services (CPS) through 4.1.4. The core components that create and launch a print job do not perform complete verification of the session cookie that is supplied to them. As a result, an attacker with guest/pseudo-guest level permissions can bypass the session checks (that would otherwise logout a low-privileged user) by calling the core print job components directly via crafted HTTP GET and POST requests.
CVE-2015-7666 1 Codepeople 1 Payment Form For Paypal Pro 2019-07-26 4.3 MEDIUM 6.1 MEDIUM
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the (1) cp_updateMessageItem and (2) cp_deleteMessageItem functions in cp_ppp_admin_int_message_list.inc.php in the Payment Form for PayPal Pro plugin before 1.0.2 for WordPress allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the cal parameter.
CVE-2019-8286 1 Kaspersky 5 Anti-virus, Free Anti-virus, Internet Security and 2 more 2019-07-26 4.3 MEDIUM 4.3 MEDIUM
Information Disclosure in Kaspersky Anti-Virus, Kaspersky Internet Security, Kaspersky Total Security versions up to 2019 could potentially disclose unique Product ID by forcing victim to visit a specially crafted webpage (for example, via clicking phishing link). Vulnerability has CVSS v3.0 base score 2.6
CVE-2019-13097 1 Cat Runner\ 1 Decorate Home Project 2019-07-26 5.0 MEDIUM 7.5 HIGH
The application API of Cat Runner Decorate Home version 2.8.0 for Android does not sufficiently verify inputs that are assumed to be immutable but are actually externally controllable. Attackers can manipulate users' score parameters exchanged between client and server.
CVE-2019-13024 1 Centreon 1 Centreon 2019-07-26 9.0 HIGH 8.8 HIGH
Centreon 18.x before 18.10.6, 19.x before 19.04.3, and Centreon web before 2.8.29 allows the attacker to execute arbitrary system commands by using the value "init_script"-"Monitoring Engine Binary" in main.get.php to insert a arbitrary command into the database, and execute it by calling the vulnerable page www/include/configuration/configGenerate/xml/generateFiles.php (which passes the inserted value to the database to shell_exec without sanitizing it, allowing one to execute system arbitrary commands).
CVE-2009-1432 1 Symantec 3 Antivirus, Client Security, Endpoint Protection 2019-07-26 5.0 MEDIUM N/A
Symantec Reporting Server, as used in Symantec AntiVirus (SAV) Corporate Edition 10.1 before 10.1 MR8 and 10.2 before 10.2 MR2, Symantec Client Security (SCS) before 3.1 MR8, and the Symantec Endpoint Protection Manager (SEPM) component in Symantec Endpoint Protection (SEP) before 11.0 MR2, allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary text into the login screen, and possibly conduct phishing attacks, via vectors involving a URL that is not properly handled.
CVE-2018-19800 1 Aubio 1 Aubio 2019-07-26 7.5 HIGH 9.8 CRITICAL
aubio v0.4.0 to v0.4.8 has a Buffer Overflow in new_aubio_tempo.
CVE-2018-19801 1 Aubio 1 Aubio 2019-07-26 5.0 MEDIUM 7.5 HIGH
aubio v0.4.0 to v0.4.8 has a NULL pointer dereference in new_aubio_filterbank via invalid n_filters.
CVE-2018-19802 1 Aubio 1 Aubio 2019-07-26 5.0 MEDIUM 7.5 HIGH
aubio v0.4.0 to v0.4.8 has a new_aubio_onset NULL pointer dereference.
CVE-2019-1010222 2019-07-26 N/A N/A
** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. ConsultIDs: CVE-2018-19801. Reason: This candidate is a reservation duplicate of CVE-2018-19801. Notes: All CVE users should reference CVE-2018-19801 instead of this candidate. All references and descriptions in this candidate have been removed to prevent accidental usage.
CVE-2019-1010223 2019-07-26 N/A N/A
** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. ConsultIDs: CVE-2018-19800. Reason: This candidate is a reservation duplicate of CVE-2018-19800. Notes: All CVE users should reference CVE-2018-19800 instead of this candidate. All references and descriptions in this candidate have been removed to prevent accidental usage.
CVE-2019-1010224 2019-07-26 N/A N/A
** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. ConsultIDs: CVE-2018-19802. Reason: This candidate is a reservation duplicate of CVE-2018-19802. Notes: All CVE users should reference CVE-2018-19802 instead of this candidate. All references and descriptions in this candidate have been removed to prevent accidental usage.
CVE-2019-14247 1 Mpg321 Project 1 Mpg321 2019-07-26 4.3 MEDIUM 5.5 MEDIUM
The scan() function in mad.c in mpg321 0.3.2 allows remote attackers to trigger an out-of-bounds write via a zero bitrate in an MP3 file.
CVE-2019-3591 2 Mcafee, Microsoft 2 Data Loss Prevention Endpoint, Windows 2019-07-26 4.3 MEDIUM 6.1 MEDIUM
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') in ePO extension in McAfee Data Loss Prevention (DLPe) for Windows 11.x prior to 11.3.0 allows unauthenticated remote user to trigger specially crafted JavaScript to render in the ePO UI via a carefully crafted upload to a remote website which is correctly blocked by DLPe Web Protection. This would then render as an XSS when the DLP Admin viewed the event in the ePO UI.
CVE-2019-5285 1 Huawei 28 S12700, S12700 Firmware, S1700 and 25 more 2019-07-26 7.8 HIGH 7.5 HIGH
Some Huawei S series switches have a DoS vulnerability. An unauthenticated remote attacker can send crafted packets to the affected device to exploit this vulnerability. Due to insufficient verification of the packets, successful exploitation may cause the device reboot and denial of service (DoS) condition. (Vulnerability ID: HWPSIRT-2019-03109)
CVE-2019-10353 1 Jenkins 1 Jenkins 2019-07-26 5.1 MEDIUM 7.5 HIGH
CSRF tokens in Jenkins 2.185 and earlier, LTS 2.176.1 and earlier did not expire, thereby allowing attackers able to obtain them to bypass CSRF protection.
CVE-2018-18095 1 Intel 4 Ssd Dc S4500, Ssd Dc S4500 Firmware, Ssd Dc S4600 and 1 more 2019-07-26 4.6 MEDIUM 6.8 MEDIUM
Improper authentication in firmware for Intel(R) SSD DC S4500 Series and Intel(R) SSD DC S4600 Series before SCV10150 may allow an unprivileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via physical access.
CVE-2019-13631 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2019-07-26 4.6 MEDIUM 6.8 MEDIUM
In parse_hid_report_descriptor in drivers/input/tablet/gtco.c in the Linux kernel through 5.2.1, a malicious USB device can send an HID report that triggers an out-of-bounds write during generation of debugging messages.
CVE-2019-3859 5 Debian, Fedoraproject, Libssh2 and 2 more 5 Debian Linux, Fedora, Libssh2 and 2 more 2019-07-25 6.4 MEDIUM 9.1 CRITICAL
An out of bounds read flaw was discovered in libssh2 before 1.8.1 in the _libssh2_packet_require and _libssh2_packet_requirev functions. A remote attacker who compromises a SSH server may be able to cause a Denial of Service or read data in the client memory.
CVE-2019-1010113 1 Premiumsoftware 1 Cleditor 2019-07-25 4.3 MEDIUM 6.1 MEDIUM
Premium Software CLEditor 1.4.5 and earlier is affected by: Cross Site Scripting (XSS). The impact is: An attacker might be able to inject arbitrary html and script code into the web site. The component is: jQuery plug-in. The attack vector is: the victim must open a crafted href attribute of a link (A) element.
CVE-2019-1010199 1 Servicestack 1 Servicestack 2019-07-25 4.3 MEDIUM 6.1 MEDIUM
ServiceStack ServiceStack Framework 4.5.14 is affected by: Cross Site Scripting (XSS). The impact is: JavaScrpit is reflected in the server response, hence executed by the browser. The component is: the query used in the GET request is prone. The attack vector is: Since there is no server-side validation and If Browser encoding is bypassed, the victim is affected when opening a crafted URL. The fixed version is: 5.2.0.
CVE-2019-11692 1 Mozilla 3 Firefox, Firefox Esr, Thunderbird 2019-07-25 7.5 HIGH 9.8 CRITICAL
A use-after-free vulnerability can occur when listeners are removed from the event listener manager while still in use, resulting in a potentially exploitable crash. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 60.7, Firefox < 67, and Firefox ESR < 60.7.
CVE-2018-19857 2 Debian, Videolan 2 Debian Linux, Vlc Media Player 2019-07-25 6.4 MEDIUM 9.1 CRITICAL
The CAF demuxer in modules/demux/caf.c in VideoLAN VLC media player 3.0.4 may read memory from an uninitialized pointer when processing magic cookies in CAF files, because a ReadKukiChunk() cast converts a return value to an unsigned int even if that value is negative. This could result in a denial of service and/or a potential infoleak.
CVE-2019-1010234 1 Linuxfoundation 1 Open Network Operating System 2019-07-25 7.5 HIGH 9.8 CRITICAL
The Linux Foundation ONOS 1.15.0 and ealier is affected by: Improper Input Validation. The impact is: The attacker can remotely execute any commands by sending malicious http request to the controller. The component is: Method runJavaCompiler in YangLiveCompilerManager.java. The attack vector is: network connectivity.